Category Archives: Technology

What is the important role of the light curtain (Car Door Detector/Sensor) in the elevator?

The elevator light curtain consists of three parts: the infrared transmitter and receiver installed on both sides of the elevator car door and the special flexible cable. It is a door system safety protection device.

The operating principle of elevator curtain is as follows:

There are several infrared transmitting tubes inside the transmitting end of the optical screen. Under the control of the micro-control unit, the transmitting receiving tube is opened successively, and the light emitted by one hair color is received successively by multiple receiving heads, forming a multipath scan. It will be formed a dense infrared protection screen through this top-down continuous scanning car door area. When any beam of light is blocked, because the circuit at the back end of the receiving head cannot realize photoelectric conversion, the light curtain is judged to be blocked, so an interrupt signal is output to the portal machine. This interrupt signal can be a switch or a high or low level signal. After receiving the signal given by the light curtain, the elevator door machine will immediately output the opening signal, and the car door will stop closing and reverse open, and the elevator door will not close normally until the passenger or barrier leaves the warning area, so as to achieve the purpose of safety protection and avoid the occurrence of the elevator sandwiching accident.

 

The above mentioned principles of the elevator screen work have several basic concepts:

First of all is the quantum efficiency of photoelectric. There are two technologies to choose from, CMOS and CCD. Anyone who has ever played with a camera knows these two terms. Generally, the camera in a mobile phone is CMOS, while the camera in a digital camera is CCD. The CCD technology is complex, so the cost is definitely higher than that in the case of the same resolution. CMOS has a feature. Under good light, the quantum efficiency of photoelectric conversion is high, but if the light is bad, the conversion rate is low, and the imaging quality is sharply reduced. So phones that use CMOS cameras lose image quality dramatically at night. Limited to the cost relationship, infrared screen receiver head is used in CMOS technology. The direct result of low efficiency of photoelectric conversion is that the screen is easy to misjudge. In order to improve the efficiency of photoelectric conversion, the common solution is to increase the transmission power. The transmitter head is easy to damage under high power condition.

 

Another concept is the number of eyes and the number of beams. Many people now judge the quality of the screen simply by the number of beams, and many tender documents simply say “require more than 150 beams”. This is actually a wrong idea. Light eyes, usually in pairs, one launch, one reception. The light curtain USES the scattering principle to realize multipath scanning. Due to the scattering property of light, the light emitted by one emitter can cover up to five receiving heads at a distance, scanning one by one. Of course, the top end and the bottom end of the hair receiving head, there will be three beams of light because of the scattering Angle of the physical reasons can’t receive. So 16 of the first 5 scans minus 3 of the top and the bottom 3 of the top is 16*5-6=7

 

What is the important role of the light curtain (Car Door Detector/Sensor) in the elevator?

What is the important role of the light curtain (Car Door Detector/Sensor) in the elevator?

As the protective device of the door system, the most important evaluation factor is reliability.

  1. The IP rate
  2. Anti-interference ability
  3. Light resistance

 

Light curtain as an electronic product, the reliability of optical screen also depends on its electromagnetic compatibility, and its strong electromagnetic tolerance (EMS) is a key index to measure its reliability. Faulty elevator doors account for a large proportion of casualties. “A protective device should automatically re-open the door when a passenger is struck or will be struck by a door leaf as he/she passes through the entrance of the car while the door is closed,” according to both international and regulatory requirements. Therefore, all the lift out of the factory will always have a door protection product – light curtain.

What’s the difference between a barrier-free elevator and a common elevator?

The current disabled elevator was renamed barrier-free. One is the word disabled, and the other is that many ordinary people sometimes have to take the elevator, such as people carrying luggage up and down the elevator. The installation of barrier-free elevator should consider first aid function, fire function and barrier-free passing function. So what’s the difference between a barrier-free elevator and an ordinary elevator?

The difference between barrier-free elevator and ordinary elevator

Barrier-free elevators are elevators that are accessible and usable for wheelchair users, visually impaired people or stretcher beds. A voice station is provided to facilitate deaf-mutes. There are buttons with Braille, which can help the person in a wheelchair can push on to. Three-side handrails are provided for the convenience of persons with disabilities to hold, and wheelchairs are not allowed to move. The rear wall half mirror is provided for the wheelchair to exit.

 Take the elevator pay attention to below four points.

  1. See if there is a “stop for maintenance” sign. When arriving at the elevator, the passenger should see if there is a “stop and repair” sign in front of the elevator.
  2. Check the safety sign. When taking elevator, want to check whether there is the safety check mark that quality technology supervises a branch to send to check first inside elevator, check whether be in effective period, both have ability to safeguard safety at the same time.
  3. Look for overloads. The overloading of the elevator can easily cause safety accidents. When the overloading of the elevator is reported to the police, the elevator should exit actively and wait for the next ride.
  4. Check whether the operation is normal. After the elevator stops, passengers should observe whether the floor of the elevator car is level with the floor when entering or leaving the elevator. If the floor is uneven, it indicates the fault of the elevator and should inform the elevator user in time.

Take the elevator do not allow to do below four points

  1. Don’t push against the elevator door. When the door is closing, don’t force your way into the elevator to stop it from closing, so as not to cause unnecessary damage.
  2. Don’t press the emergency button casually. The emergency button is set to deal with unexpected situations. When the elevator is running normally, do not press the emergency button to avoid unnecessary trouble.
  3. Do not open the door when elevator is under operation. When taking the elevator, if the door is not closed to operate, it means that the elevator has a fault and passengers outside the elevator do not enter the ride; Passengers who are already in the elevator should not jump out of the elevator during operation to avoid unnecessary injury. They should stay in the elevator and ask for help through the alarm device.
  4. Do not take the elevator in case of fire. In case of fire, passengers are not allowed to use the elevator for escape. They should choose the staircase exit for escape.

Elevator door system and overhaul methods

  1. Elevator door system and its functions

(1) The composition of elevator door system includes car door (elevator car door), floor door (hall door), door and door and other ancillary parts.

(2) Both the floor door and the car door are important safety protection facilities for the elevator

(3) Floor door. Floor door is the part that passengers first see or touch when using the elevator. According to incomplete statistics, about 70% of personal injuries and deaths occurred due to floor door quality and improper use. Therefore, the opening, closing and locking of floor door is the primary condition to ensure the safety of elevator users.

(4) The car door, floor door and its interrelation door are set at the entrance of the elevator car

So car door is called active door, layer door is called passive door.

Only when the car door and floor door are fully closed, the elevator can run.

In order to transfer the movement of the car door to the floor door, the car door is provided with a tying device (such as the door knife). The door knife can drive the floor door movement through the cooperation with the door lock.

To prevent the elevator from trapping people when closing the door, the door safety device will be installed on the car door (clip protection device).

What kind of material is suitable for what kind of tool?

Common breakdown of elevator door system:

  1. Elevator can neither close nor open.
  2. After reaching the flat floor, the elevator door will not open
  3. Press the button to close the door
  4. The elevator has received layer selection signal, and the door is closed, but it cannot be started
  5. If the door is not closed, the elevator can start by selecting floor
  6. The elevator stopped suddenly on the way
  7. Open the door without changing speed
  8. Close the door without changing speed
  9. Open and close doors slowly
  10. Doors vibrate when opened and closed

 

The elevator overhaul door is used to access to hoistway for maintenance and open a door in the convenient place. The height of door should not be less than 1.40m and width should not be less than 0.60m.

 

Overhaul and elimination methods: the door valve pulley wear serious, replace the door pulley; Deformation or loose deviation of the guide rail of the front door, correct the guide rail, adjust and tighten the guide rail; Heavy dust accumulation or debris in the chute of the floor bar, obstructing the sliding of the door, should clean the chute; Two roller and door knife are not close, clearance is large, adjust the door lock.

What are the functions of the elevator inspection switch?

The inspection switch is used to switch between the normal operation of the elevator and the inspection state. When it goes to “check and repair” the elevator does not respond to incoming and outgoing calls and cannot travel at high speed. What are the functions of the elevator inspection switch? What should be noted when the elevator is overhauled? More information is needed on matters needing attention during the operation and use of the elevator.

What are the functions of the elevator inspection switch?

What are the functions of the elevator inspection switch?

  1. Pay attention to the inspection operation

If the elevator needs to run slowly during inspection, the number of people should not be less than two. Also pay attention to safety, especially when operating on the top of the car. When the cage roof is undergoing inspection and operation, it shall close all the doors of the outer hall before running slowly. When the elevator runs at a slow speed to a certain position, if the inspection of electrical and mechanical parts is needed, the inspection personnel should first cut off the emergency switch on the top of the car or the emergency button on the car’s control panel before the operation.

  1. Pay attention to the inspection operation in unsafe condition

If the elevator is out of control but the safety clamp is not working, the personnel inside the elevator should remain calm. In case of failure, the personnel in the elevator shall use all communication facilities to inform the related personnel. If an earthquake occurs, the elevator should immediately stop operating on the nearest floor. In case of fire, the elevator should be moved to the safe floor as soon as possible, and then the personnel inside the elevator should be evacuated safely. After all the personnel are evacuated, the power of the elevator should be cut off, and the doors of each floor should be closed. If the elevator is out of control, the emergency stop button should be pressed immediately, and the personnel inside the elevator cannot open the car door to jump out in case of danger.

How to solve common issues of escalator handrails?

Escalator is a fixed electrical drive with a circular movement step used to tilt passengers upward or downward. Here are a few common issues with escalator handrails.

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  • 1st, there is steel wire going through the surface or sliding layer of the handrail, which is the most dangerous case in the field failure of the handrail, because it means that the steel wire inside the handrail has probably broken.
  • 2nd, escalator handrail can be pulled out easily from guide rail; it is the phenomenon that the lip of escalator handrail greatens. There have been two reported incidents in which passengers had their fingers stuck between the lip and the guide, so they were cut off.
  • 3rd, when the handrail is lagging during escalator works. The running speed of the handrail cannot keep up with the running speed of the stairs. This can cause the upper and lower parts of the passenger’s body to run at different speeds while holding the handrail, especially for the elderly and weak passengers who are prone to falls.
  • 4th, the cracking of the extrusion line in the handrail will not lead to passenger risk in general, but the cracked part may still clip the fingers, so there is a certain risk.
  • 5th, the lip of the handrail is cracked. Because passengers hold the handrail when riding the escalator, even if the lip of the handrail is cracked, it is generally closed during this journey. And the lip mouth of handrail is cracked won’t expand the position above the extrusion line of handrail commonly, because this won’t cause the safety problem of passenger commonly.
  • 6th, the small crack on the surface of the handrail is generally caused by the aging and cracking of the handrail. The crack will not affect passengers’ safety. But if left unattended for a long time, the small cracks will expand and may cause even greater cracking, causing operational issues in the banisters.
  • 7th, The surface of the handrail is bulging just because the inner material of the handrail is delaminated, bulge generally do not cause operational and safety issues with the handrail, but it is inappropriate to ignore them.
  • 8th, the escalator handrail surface appears small bubble, because be polluted by oil commonly, There will be no impact on the operation and safety of the handrail.

 

When do replacement for handrail of escalator, please do not forget to stop the escalator, turn off the power, put up a safety warning sign and remove the tensioning connecting screw to keep body safe.

 

Why the elevator floor display panel is not displayed? –How should it be fixed?

Floor display of elevator equipment:

The advanced photoelectric sensing technology is used to sample the running state of the elevator, and the running state of the elevator is superimposed with the information of “elevator name”, “elevator running state” and “floor signal” in the form of Chinese, English letters and Numbers to dynamically record the running state of the elevator.

Because video IC and Chinese character chip are adopted with high performance and advanced production technology of patch, it has the advantages of small size, light weight, high stability of acquisition signal and the superposition naming of each elevator in Chinese or digital.

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Main functions of elevator display:Continue reading→

What kinds of drive method does an elevator have?

Three driving methods of elevator:

Traction driven elevator – the lift rope is driven by friction driven by the drive wheel rope groove of the main engine.

Parliamentary forced drive elevator — non-friction elevator driven by chain or wire rope suspension.

Press hydraulic elevator – hydraulic driven elevator.

 

Traction drive

Traction drive is driven by a traction wheel. The steel wire rope is suspended on the traction wheel. The car is suspended at one end and the heavy device at the other end.

  1.  Rope winding
    The winding way of the elevator traction wire rope mainly depends on the position of the traction unit, the rated load and the rated speed of the car. When selecting and determining the rope winding mode, high transmission efficiency, reasonable energy consumption and long service life of wire rope should be considered.
  2.  Calculation of traction force
    The maximum effective traction force can be generated in the towing wheel groove is the friction coefficient between the steel wire rope and the wheel groove and the function of the steel wire rope around the Angle of the towing wheel.
  3. Measures to improve traction capacity
    * Change the shape of rope groove and material of rope groove to improve the friction coefficient.
    * Increase the envelope Angle
    * Increase the weight of the car
  4. Calculation of specific pressure of wire rope in towing wheel groove (see textbook)
  5. Friction coefficient of wire rope in rope groove (see textbook)
  6. Causes of wear on the traction sheave rope groove

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The factors that influence the life of the wire rope generally also influence the life of the traction wheel, including the following factors:

  1. The traction wheel itself
  2. Construction, material and physical properties of wire rope
  3. height of car operation
  4. the load
  5. Technical parameters of the tractor and other components
  6. Environment and maintenance ii. Reel drive is an early type of elevator’s driving, except for hydraulic drive is all drum drive. This type of drum is usually driven by two sets of suspended wire ropes, one end of which is fixed to the drum and the other end is connected to the car or the other end. One set of wire ropes is wound clockwise around the drum, while the other is wound counterclockwise around the drum. Therefore, when one set of wire rope wound out of the drum, another set of wire rope wound into the drum.
    The main problems of drum driven elevator are as follows: 1. Low lifting height; 2. Low rated load; 3. Different rollers must be used for different elevator trips; 4. The guide rail bears great lateral force; 5. There is danger of overwinding and backwinding of the wire rope; 6. Large energy consumption
    Other drive modes: 1. Hydraulic drive will be introduced in another course. 2. Currently, screw drive is rarely used in practice. 3. Pinion and rack

 

Where is the escalator emergency stop switch (key switch box) installed?

What risk factors of injury when escalators are running normally?

  1. The gap between escalator steps and apron boards, although it is very small, but it’s certainly the most dangerous place for escalators to hurt people. In particular, some children like to put their feet on the apron board when taking escalators. If the toe of shoes, shoelaces or pants edge is involved in the gap carelessly, they will bring their feet in.
  2. The end of handrail is easy to hurt hands. The escalator gap between the handrail and the wall in some shopping mall is very small. If you take the escalator and forget to let go or let go too slowly, your hand will be caught along the escalator handrail.
  3. The comb teeth at the entrance and exit. Normally, the carding part of an escalator will have a curve, so that the foot or clothing will not be involved in the operation of the escalator. However, some unqualified equipment, comb teeth will appear defect, gap will have some deviation.
  4. Where the ascending escalator intersects with the top, it will be damaged upon contact. If you lean over while taking the escalator, you can easily get stuck in the intersection of the escalator and the top and get hurt. Some hard signs can be used to help the escalator bite people.
  5. At the Angle between escalator pedal and handrail, it is easy to hurt feet. To be safe, remember to stay within the yellow line.

 How to stop the escalator when it runs in an emergency situation? There are two kinds of extreme stops:

Artificial abnormal stop — Artificial operation

Automatic abnormal stop –Safety device sensing. For example, clothes are pulled into the escalator or shoes are clamped into the edge of the escalator and so on. When confirming that someone is involved in the escalator, the people around you should quickly find the button and press it decisively. In non-emergency situations, do not press the button by mistake, or if you think it is fun to press it, otherwise sudden stop may cause passengers to fall, fall or step on. However, you should only press the button decisively if you are sure someone is involved. Since it is not uncommon for escalators to roll up people, once it happens, the loss will be very large. Therefore, public places installing escalators should also provide emergency training for service personnel In non-emergency situations, do not press the button by mistake, or if you think it is fun to press it, otherwise sudden stop may cause passengers to fall, fall or step on Therefore, public places installing escalators should also provide emergency training for service personnel.

Where is the escalator emergency brake switch (key switch box) installed?

The position of the escalator emergency stop button is slightly the same, usually in a prominent position on the top of the escalator. And they’re all red. At the top and bottom of the armrest, both on the edge – red button, press to make an emergency stop.

 

 

What is the working principle of elevator door lock?

Elevator lock, it is car door, layer door lock device (refer to commonly layer door). Under normal circumstances, the door cannot be opened without a locking device, protecting the person from being cut or falling. It is an important safety device for elevator.

 

The lock is mainly composed of lock hook, lock block, force element, roller, open lock door wheel, electric safety electric shock and triangle lock.

 

  • Tock hook and lock block constitute lock effect. The lock door shall not be opened, and the meshing depth shall be over 7mm, and the endurance shall be over 1000N.

 

  • The applied force element is used to automatically reset the door lock after opening the door. It is a reset device (when it fails, gravity shall not open the door lock).

 

  • The roller and the unlocked door wheel are used to open the lock. When the elevator arrives at the station, the door operator is driven by a series of mechanical drives. Finally, the door cam is used to drive the roller and the unlocked door wheel to open the door lock and pull the door open.

 

  • The electric safety shock is to verify whether the lock hook and lock gear meshing reach more than 7mm. Once the electric safety shock is broken, the elevator shall not operate.

 

5) Triangle lock is used to open the layer door under abnormal circumstances, that is, the triangle lock on the layer door. Non-professionals are not allowed to use it.

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Elevator Automatic Emergency Evacuation Device (ARED)

Accidents are inevitable in the daily use of elevators. As an effective means to ensure the safety of passengers when the elevator fails, Automatic emergency evacuation device should be added. It is a tiring elevator emergency rescue equipment, mainly used in the operation process of the elevator, when the ac power all of a sudden power failure or malfunction occurred in electric control system and make the car parked in shaft, automatic conversion, cut off the original electric control system, ac power supply elevator and capsules traction to flat layer position after open the door, so that passenger can in time out of the woods yet.

Main technical parameters

Input voltage: AC380V plus or minus 10%

Drive power: less than or equal to 32.5KW

Direction of operation: move in a certain direction or choose the direction of light load

Running speed: one tenth of the normal speed of the elevator is adjustable

Shape size: 150x230x600(mm) 210x510x530(mm) 300x428x740(mm)

The working principle:

  1. Emergency operation

When the elevator stops running in case of sudden power failure, the DSP control system of the emergency device will immediately detect the status of the elevator and automatically put it into emergency rescue. First of all, K1A absorbs and closes the power supply of the external power grid to the elevator control transformer for electric interlock. Then the safety, door lock and repair circuit of the elevator are tested and power is supplied to the sensor in the gate area, detect the flat layer signal, if normal, start current converter to power the door control system (ac door, dc door, frequency conversion door),  so the MD of the open-door motor gets the required voltage and opens the car door and hall door at the same time; If the car is not flat layer position the relay closed normally open contacts to the brake circuit by the dc converter power supply, open the brake, three-phase inverter circuit output voltage by K2A normally open contacts to power a traction machine, traction capsules to a certain direction. The car runs to a flat floor and stops. The three-phase inverter stops output and closes the lock. After the door and hall door are opened, the contacts of the above contactor and relay of the emergency device are all restored to the state before the emergency operation

  1. Safety lock

If the DSP control system of the emergency device determines that the stop operation of the elevator belongs to the fault of the safety loop or lock loop, the device will not be put into emergency operation according to the requirements of the safety regulations of the elevator operation. Even after emergency device in emergency operation, always in the monitoring of elevator safety circuit and door lock loop signals but any protection, emergency operation will terminate immediately, in order to ensure the safety of the passengers and the elevator equipment and reliable. Likewise, the emergency device is always monitoring the maintenance loop of the elevator control system. When maintenance personnel repair the elevator, as long as the maintenance switch is pressed, the device will automatically lock, not emergency operation

  1. Emergency end

After the end of emergency operation, the device is disconnected from all parts of the elevator control system and is in an isolated standby state, which has no impact on the normal operation of the elevator. When the three-phase ac power supply is restored, the charging circuit of the emergency device will automatically recharge the battery pack.